六、高考英语【虚拟语气】专项训练答案及解析 25题
高考英语虚拟语气专项训练答案解析
一、选择题
1.---
Are you happy now?
If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever.
am B.were C.had been D.should be
解析:B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——你现在快乐吗?——要是我更苗条、更漂亮、更富有、更聪明就好了。根据上文now以及if
only可知是表示与现在情况不同:if
only+从句主语+动词过去式。故选B。
【点睛】
If
only:常常用来表示强烈的愿望,因为用于虚拟语句时和wish类似,表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。因而使用起来的形式与wish相同。
①表示与将来情况不同:if
only+
从句主语+would(could,
might)+动词原形;
eg:If
only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次
②表示与现在情况不同:if
only+从句主语+动词过去式;
eg:If
only I wasn’t going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦.
③表达与过去情况不同:if
only+从句主语+would/could
have/had+过去分词。
eg:If
only you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
2.If
penicillin available,
many people from
sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
A.was
not; would die B.were
not; would have died
C.had
not been; would died D.had
not been; would have died
解析:D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有青霉素,很多人在二战中就会死于疾病或小的伤口。if条件句用had
done表示和过去的事实相反,主句用would
have done表示虚拟。故选B。
【点睛】
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法是:虚拟条件句
与现在事实相反的假设,从句是If+主语+动词的过去式(动词be用were),主句是:主语+should,would,
might,could+动词原形;与过去相反的假设从句用:If+主语+had
+过去分词,主句是:主语+should,
would, might, could +have
done;与将来相反的假设,从句用1、If+主语+动词过去式,主语+should,
would do,2、If+主语+were
to+ 动词原形,加主句3、If+主语+should
+动词原形
,加上主句的might,
could+动词原形。
3.Recent
years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms,
without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays.
A.won’t
be B.hadn’t
been
C.wouldn’t
be D.can’t
be
解析:C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:近年来,网络用语的出现越来越多,没有它们,我们的生活就不会如此丰富多彩。结合句意可知此处非限制性定语从句是虚拟语气,与现在的事实相反,故选C。
【点睛】
由but
for、with、without、otherwise等介词短语引导的句中。此类介词短语多引导含条件意味的虚拟语气。如:①The
ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the
captain. 要没有船长的努力,那这只船及船上所有的人都沉没了。②Without
your help, I wouldn’t do the experiment well. 有了你的帮助,我会把实验好好地做的。③I
am really busy, otherwise I would certainly go with you.我真得好忙,否则我当然跟你一起去了。
4.Had
electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight .
A.could
not have solved B.could
not be solved
C.can
not have been solved D.could
not have been solved
解析:D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟条件句。句意:如果没有电子计算机的发明,许多太空飞行的问题是不可能解决的。本句为if引导的虚拟条件句,如果含有“were,should,had”时,可省去if而将“were,should,had”置于句首,构成倒装句。本句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。所以主句为:sb
would/could/might/should have done。从句谓语动词为:had
done。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
If虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were ) ;
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
本句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。所以主句为:sb
would/could/might/should have done。从句为:sb
had done。故D选项正确。
5.The
requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on.
A.shall B.should
C.can D.May
解析:B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:政府的要求是,从2019年1月1日起,市民不得燃放烟花爆竹。当requirement等名词后接表语从句时,从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语气,故选B。
6.Due
to the popularity of the restaurant, it is advisable that a
table_______ for a get-together in advance.
A.must
be reserved B.is
reserved
C.be
reserved D.will
be reserved
解析:C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:由于这家餐馆很受欢迎,建议提前预定一张聚会的桌子。固定句式:it
is advisable that 主语+(should)+动词原形+---。此处a
table和reserve之间是一种被动关系,故答案为C。
7.louder,
all the students would hear.
A.If
the teacher had spoken B.If
the teacher will speak
C.Had
the teacher spoken D.If
the teacher spoke
解析:D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果老师能够大声说话,所有学生都能听到。这里表示与现在的事实相反的假设,此时:主句用:主语+would/should/
could/might+ 动词原形;从句用:If
- 主语+动词过去式(be动词一律用were);
所以本题应该选择D。C和A用于表示与过去的事实相反的假设。
8.The
snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I
_____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now.
A.would
be B.could
have been
C.will
be D.might
have been
解析:A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:席卷加利福尼亚的暴风雪延误了我的航班,否则我现在会在夏威夷的海滩上晒太阳。根据句意,“我”现在不可能在夏威夷(因为航班延误了),“我”所说的(我现在会在夏威夷晒太阳)与事实相反,所以要用虚拟语气,根据now可知这是对现在的虚拟,所以主句要用情态动词+do的结构,故选A。
【点睛】
本题中的otherwise是含蓄虚拟语气的一个标志,意为“否则;不然”,用在虚拟语气中相当于一个虚拟条件句。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中。比如本句中,根据上文可知,“我”现在不可能夏威夷(因为航班延误了),所以要用虚拟语气。
9.How
I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
A.shut B.have
shut
C.had
shut D.would
shut
解析:C
【解析】
试题分析:C考察虚拟语气。wish后接与过去相反的事实时,用过去完成时表示虚拟。句意:我多么希望在我跟妈妈大吼之前把嘴巴闭起来。故选C
考点:考察虚拟语气。
10.I
______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived.
A.had
written B.wrote
C.would
write D.would
have written
解析:D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:那时我本想给你写信的,但我不知道你住在哪里。根据后文but
I didn’t know where you lived可知“我”并没有写信,短语would
have done“本应该做但实际没有做”,表示对过去事实的假设。故选D。
11.Some
teachers recommended that more books to
satisfy the students’ needs.
A.are
purchased B.have
been purchased
C.were
purchased D.be
purchased
解析:D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:一些老师建议买更多的书来满足学生的需要。recommend推荐;建议,考查句式:recommend
that+(should)+do
sth建议应该做某事,从句中使用虚拟语气,排除A、C选项;book和purchase(购买)之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,故填(should)be
purchased。should可以省略,故选D。
12._____,
the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who
is very naughty.
A.To
avoid being affected; be B.To
avoid to be affected; would be
C.Avoid
being affected; should be D.Avoiding
to be affected; be
解析:A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词及虚拟语气。句意:为了避免受到影响,这个学生坚持要求他应该和他非常淘气的同桌分开。固定短语avoid
doing sth“避免做某事”,与逻辑主语the
student为被动关系,故用被动语态avoid
being
done。根据句意,逗号前面部分应该是目的状语,故用不定式作目的状语。第二空动词insist为“坚持要求”之意,后接从句用“(should)
- 动词原形”,其中should可以省略。故选A。
【点睛】
insist的宾语从句的用法一般分为两种情况:
1)如果insist翻译为“坚持说/坚持认为”,且宾语从句的动作为已经发生的情况,此时宾语从句采用正常的陈述语气。如:He
insisted that he was right. 他坚持说/认为他是对的。
2)如果insist翻译为“坚决主张/要求”,即宾语从句的动作当时尚未发生,此时宾语从句必须采用虚拟语气,构成为从句谓语动词用“(should)
- 动词原形”,其中should可以省略。如:He
insisted that he (should) be praised for what he had done.
3)此题中的insist所引导的宾语从句采用了虚拟语气,即he
be separated... = he should be separated...
13.I
can’t thank you more, Tony. But for your timely warning, I into great trouble yesterday.
A.had
got B.got C.would
have got D.would
get
解析:C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:我特别感谢你,要不是你及时的提醒,我昨天一定陷入了很大的麻烦。本题考查含蓄条件句的虚拟语气,根据but
for sth, 主句+would
do(表对现在或者将来的虚拟);but
for sth, 主句+would(not)
- have done(表示对过去的虚拟)。根据主句中yesterday可知是对过去的虚拟,故选C。
14.It
is highly recommended that the general public________one-metre social
distance to avoid any possible risk of getting infected.
A.keep B.will
keep C.must
keep D.Keeps
解析:A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:强烈建议公众保持一米的社交距离,避免任何可能的感染风险。recommend表示建议,后面的主语从句中的谓语动词,要用should加动词原形,should可以被省略的虚拟语气。故选A。
15.They
both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart
talk.
A.are B.were C.have
been D.had
been
解析:B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:他们俩谈心之后,看上去都年轻了十岁。根据语境,as
if引导的表语从句用虚拟语气,根据主句谓语动词look可知,是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选B。
16.She
looks as if she _____ ten years younger.
A.is B.was C.were D.had
been
解析:C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:她看起来好像年轻了十岁。分析句子,此处为虚拟语气,她看起来年轻十岁与现在事实相反,主句用一般过去时,be动词都用were,故选C项。
17.—How
impressive China’s 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!
—Definitely.
If only I ________ on the scene!
was B.were C.have been D.had been
解析:D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——国庆70周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻。——当然,要是我在现场就好了。此处考查对过去的虚拟,用if
only sb. had done sth.,故选D项。
【点睛】
本题考查if
only(要是……就好了)引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气,虚拟语气一般有三种情况:与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时;与将来事实相反用过去将来时。例如
If
only I had tried my best years ago。要是我几年前尽全力就好了。
If
only I were in china at present.要是我现在在中国就好了。
18.-Would
you ___ first
aid to him, had it been possible?
-Yes,
but I _____.
A.have
offered; had got hurt. B.offer;
had got hurt.
C.have
offered; got hurt. D.had
offered; had got hurt.
解析:C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——如果可能的话,你会给他急救吗?——是的,但是我受伤了。根据后文had
it been possible可知是对过去情况的虚拟,时间背景为过去,故第一空填have
offered。下文回答为真实的情况,应用一般过去时,故第二空填got
hurt。故选C。
19.She
insisted that she ________ to the disaster-hit area and that her
request ________ reasonable.
A.be
sent, was B.should
send, was
C.should
be sent, be D.send,
should be
解析:A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态及虚拟语气。句意:她坚持要把她送到灾区,她的要求是合理的。分析句子可知,insist坚持,其后跟句子应用虚拟语气(should)+do,且send与she之间是被动关系,故用be
sent;此句用的是一般过去时,且第二空的主语是her
request,故应用was。结合选项,故选A。
20.But
for the belief that things better
soon, many people couldn’t have survived the rough time.
A.had
got B.got C.would
get D.will
get
解析:C
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是相信情况很快就会好转,许多人就不可能挺过这段艰难的时期。But for是固定搭配,意为“要不是”,引导的短语或句子相当于一个虚拟条件句。根据主句部分many
people couldn’t have survived the rough time.可知,此处是对过去情况的假设,but
for引导的从句部分是真实情况,根据时间状语soon可知,此处用过去将来时。故选C项。
21.-I
can't believe it.Tom
failed the test again!
-He
would not be so upset now your
advice.
A.would
he follow B.should
he follow
C.did
he follow D.had
he followed
解析:D
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:我真不敢相信,汤姆又考砸了!如果他听从你的建议,他就不会那么难过了。分析句子可知,本句是对过去时间的虚拟,if引导的条件句用过去完成时,if省略had提前,句子倒装,所以是had
he followed。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were ) ;
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
可以判断本句是对过去时间的虚拟,if引导的条件句用过去完成时,if省略had提前,句子倒装,所以是had
he followed。故D选项正确。
22.What
a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time
together.
A.had B.will
have C.would
have had D.had
had
解析:C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知,是对过去事情的虚拟,是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would,
could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。
23.Many
things we benefit from now wouldn't be around _______ Albert
Einstein.
A.aside
from B.thanks
to C.but
for D.regardless
of
解析:C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有爱因斯坦,现在我们从中获益的很多东西都不会存在。A.
aside from除……之外;B.
thanks to由于;C.
but for如果没有;D.
regardless of不管,不顾。分析句子可知,本句与现在事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气,用“如果没有”符合语境和语法,故选C项。
24.They
demanded that the right to vote ___________ to every adult.
A.was
given B.was
giving C.be
giving D.be
given
24.D
解析:D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:他们要求给予每个成年人投票权。demand表示“要求”时,所接宾语从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语部分是(should)+动词原形,又由动词give和从句主语the
right to vote之间是动宾关系,所以使用被动语态be
given。故选D项。
25.It’s
high time that we against
spreading false information on the Internet.
A.will
fight B.fought C.would
fight D.fight
解析:B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:是我们反对在互联网上传播虚假信息的时候了。考查句式:It
is high time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。fight
against 对抗;反对;与……作斗争,fight的过去式是fought。故选B。
